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Applications of the 


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_low-Pressue Steam Tarbine 


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‘Mechanical Engineering 


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APPLICATIONS OF THE LOW-PRES- 
SURE STEAM TURBINE 


\ 
MATI LAL DUTT 


THESIS 


DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE 


MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 


COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 


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Ate 
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 


x Va cae “ oad 196/ 


TaisisstO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY 


ENTITLED —... Cpe Oe SEL OE, of VAs ~ (ea uike 


= a ae 


IS APPROVED BY ME AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE 


DEGREE OF (3 eo. yon Ye ese PePrireoring elt 
in Charge. 


Cetin; HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF. Jha E Beecscak, CUP tnaensey 


194596 


Contents 
Fage 
Fristory O74 Developmen: ---------- 7 
MEMO CO VIGC/IIICS — .W)- -- - -- =~ ---- 4 


3. Classes Of Jurbhine. reir Corns- 
truction and principles of operar(oy.- 10 


4 Fepresentative /nstallafions -------R/ 
Me IAS/AMAFIOT em me ome 2 = ee Rel 
2) Installation s7 plant ot Te Beten- 
Gort Axle Company of Paventport------ Ra 
3) /nstallatiog of Rapid Trarnsi* Ca. 
OE INGUIN’ As 2) 2 s.r en 
4) Installation 17 The power- house of 
FAiladelphia Fraga Trans/# Co. ------RE 
(5) /nstallatior: ta The vesse/ Ge sie 
(6) /stallation in he Liner Olympic’. ----38 


(7) lustallation in The power plant of 
Chicago N.W Far/wa ly Termial------ 38 
J. Heat Heeumulators- Effect of Vacuurm----F1 
6. Conclusion - Freld and Future of 
Low -Pressure EATS a eee 


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Fecovery og Four frown Exhaues Ska — Trans, 
at (teed Exgwtere . 1909 Vo 38 
Shaun Marti 4, Bp Shem Butt - Jonn. bet 
Greet, Fury, for 1908 
Slee. pote of turtic — Sheiiuuete - Preatiys 
bon. Sm. € Marek Recol Afont 1908. 
esac turks = lend. Eesg n, Nov 14°1910 
Marne Sheauw Tirbire - Evy. mog, Vol 37 


1 ‘D9 


TIZE LOW-PRESSURE STEANA TURBINE 


lL History and Developrnenr 

The Sour -porerewee Suntec netvinlly Corn Ho TE 
Shane turbine in gouval He yan 1206.0 saw 7h 
aging of Stearn Artin prsachion when Hers of 
a Rrackou tgfae of Steaca Auntiue, and ativongh 
bao wry eruide, ik Utiterd He Atackon of flow- 
Wg Straw guot ag, fr metanec, Pareons Yurtinc oes 
at tke present Any. Srrer [hin rine oThirs Aave 

AMiup~tdl ro utitar The trrgy, of The Steaus “i Q 
 earilar Prarcuur, Gut 6 sno mer unlil 1984 That 
| Mr. Vareone airceeecde of tu Bruitolin Qu axal puacticu 

Wkul of /O4.P whiek mace 18000 revetitend, dud 
kind wae a practical derrccero, alifkough ik still 
Maeda a georl many tuprerements befrr if became 
he mackiue Wad ts to-Hag, Hae real Kit of 
The steau Arrterce , Iharsfure, Late, fron The year 

1884, SreThixr Uutorfaut date tc Thin Hohery We 
Ye (1889 whe. de Lownt brevght Out Ais turbine 
ue Alpnroet Hho Sacue from 201k wo trey mavle 
fe- dag, Hee ro shaw Artie a0 Me foremost 
| Act prreceutativres of the Swe most exhtue tyler of This 


s * é » ? Mowe 
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key |. all 
iM | aceeey Sager ee 
sat Hin yd abe Ritcat ¢ eat is ate) ‘ 


| Mew 220% ; 
wr. Atle: 
Uecproverents | Afferent vigfire of Perbinee of ron day 
Fhe = upon Yiitiice | 
| Comer areore .. a 
oa Aaktn. oux “nc (894 
| pec fort atig ecegiice 7. sna ; 
he Pe ee: ‘< | ig - aed 
ah ee. eugmed, Cartes z ~ 
/ : . | 
a Aour = poresaure Pes. ree | Quer Lea ; 
. | ax 
ane ue fhe +sorfeco Lene 6 ae ; 
CRenre frou a hugh ies oes | x Foot 
; | The exkauce 
. an Cegine Ke 2ehiel Coe gee 
’ 3 | 
| ano nor | a 
“ put Yo 2 pPreetieal veor ES | 
— frped th Ou rad’ att, orks eo isiee 
ae welarthd of nw HK | 3 
| “Velox “ 
amas —— hapa 
| | Serew-s, She Arg a 
; SOM wrre 

“9 ; y 
| ticeg etegene, The Aigh heb sot om “i : 
oa | fete pita- 

: a : J bo a 


— 


| 3 

unre gook. For Kish speed We ercgices Areee nucorpoliol 
But te Stemne bari frou Tle Gril, Artes Ho 
Aloud The Saece Kicce Proferaer Wathen vracle Fi 
 Shk#hmar, frurfeczres, AS Ae Ornay prin HL 


reece. 


| 


4. 
L shermodynamcs 
Ao prenwue ace uccrcaced m Shean foraciice 


Cerner Cy he oe 
eo ~ Prerwn eyludhrs if 


pref of the I nic css dt Cutt. 


Covty Me frreton Gf Keay Mmeomnig farts of 
Arovheceng Ben- Con Meedug Aud Cxhauchig Satu uo 
te atmemrpkite whe. onl, ens- half of the tal 
avalatth wok of Te Steacu w weld, 

He work whkiel Can he ob fain frou sHeone 
to tutu Afletut ou The anew of Kear gira 
“fo Anvriing The Cxpaudiou, Bu Cupiie girs 2 gorr 
office, ur He ufopr Aart of The Werufyntrre aux 


o tagh diner 4 varieg wrt (7 who f= Aensity 
Of Steacu. Bur tu ke tower Stage G prerure , 
Cur ro Te Corge totinn gf Cow-burearr SyGndie 


i Mecforrabin changer , Whe Offi eciccey Of Ceeg ene 


ry ee! vu 


on om eee ya 


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s 

— Judie. ck avo The Cxpaudcion ye. Ct headl 
 ferTin down He seats. Lec a Yurtice aclrmutig Can be 
MENS? 7 exbanceon wea fotud ahfnrenchurg We 
| Meorcheatl Lit, cack parr 2ecuacuiung a7 Alerur 
he Stu Hupeeratire Continumel,. PIP honal gain 
ES ae ee ar low pfreroies frei he far 
| Hat frrvekon Yariee aif 1", Aud Te rarer she rned 

fs au Muchntionx. of Tleee faers , 72 Heceeferr- 
atu - exctofpy agracu Wag be uted to Abr togs. 
| Taking au (leat eget on Ke 
| (lee frratine - tuhey Atiue we 
fr, Hat tin Cecprces Tho Shean 
at 6B Catucet txpaud abate 
Catt, +o The friial revecre 4 
| Aecaee of very Ganges spesipie 
bet. OF Satuxater! Shean, 
| She exkauey cfeeco aud uleases Fig. 4 


te stean Ar a frevure Higkr Hau f. He achial 
 fewecere ney be pifreenrtel “Hy a comerned robe 
hie EF. Dis Cuttig of The ehie CEF fron 
ante unk 0 guehfiut ty We Smatixr Cyliudr 
Cote Corrcefec.cliug Yo Ht foorus - on fhe Comefaccr 
ot Mee FF. Phe frorut 6 Au Ke Conednee w7/- 
ne Lite Tel C Aefrecerts 2 Pek Cruzer 


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Se 
Sue Han He veh af ©. Bib te a Yrnrbrune 
the Skacr 2% GB Contd ke Cxbaucdid % C Aun Me 
loot wok ECF Aeaebecrd. 1 

Figarce ft ff a raced 
ro a kizhker prenux f The 
awa OBR a a fun gadis 
he ne OEE Orr 


Boneidenatlle Hoor Aue fo pict Fig.2 
| hecaccee oR The Kigker Ati Ke, Of The Steacn., 


Lf The Concewen freruxe £ 4 Kowerr Creun 
to po MOM Aee uecczeeces Sy Whe Auat Zee! 
Aud the gain Ue Confararint, erg somall 
Bua DFF'D': bud ur fhe Yurtre, tle Total Cucrpy 
Ay Fle 42a Dee’d’ 

This Acotuseien Shows ConcluccerZ, Tat ux Steam 
ad A+ ufefirr frerswrer, 7% ke ticgine Gaius eas 
Luey Yo The furthers exteut Le tentiin practice 
ae Caek fereroure , “he greats ez Te of creney 


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| 7 
Here ic ity Tht Uupertauee of Wt ow-rescure Yuthine 
Tahvug Ye Sutzies guautitatint,, a secupbraton 
cethrhy Magn. o Hawn % Scate % Lig 7, Phe 
(devel auer tfhieseut Wo scat He amihte eu, 
fr pont of dry shea Fhe works Meereticnthy tu 
tke Several cacey ve: 
| lA. Are COFFE = /38F437 Soot. lbs, raforecentiig Fae 
CA of A nen- Condeneug tugine Crking Shan at 175 
Reds por sguse “ek aty. anol exkauctiug ar 1S 
pod pr vgusn ued. 
| k. Ara BDEG = 204300 foot- lbs, refretenthicg ia 
Cau of au obinary Concleneig errgire Biking Shean 
at 17S fowit pn dguacn nck ateorlil Aud exkXaushiy 
tuto 2 rhe of 23 withkic Cf Mirreury, 
5. 4a HCFH = 139663 fert-lbs, refreeenting The Currgy 
 Maewn Auny ty a ton Comueing SHA eugins Ut aes 
A Renn GF 29 inthe wen anilatt. % can This 
Lxhaut Strace were ewe utp QQ Low- Prurewu. Yer 
ape Me ereneee hae teres Arariud of 4, Tle tea 
 tetd be egusl fe 138000 foor- tbs. 
, ee a ee 
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za Camut vi The Mata. of Things Cake A2brnu- 
tage of Uta, ark The Great economy exhititA by The 
Skeanw turtin w wketh, Hie tw The fred Kat 4 Cac. 
Ahr Three frgures, 138437 for Almecoksrce exkaucr, 20430 
frr ComAenecuy Sta eugiuts acl (1384374 /38000)= 
276437 for The Shan rertin, o he Sutiud skax 
eugene aul low - porerowu Artin exhauchig ucto 
a fick rah raenu, AU Zhe arhet: Story. The shea 
Aud Fhe Artie 42¢ Wateral Compaueme 
— on fr tekhgk aud the She for He Cow purmeo— 
Atftougk it w exhewuel, houkt ful if We two shouts, 
A. phe 7 he Low yorersure turbine 6 TKat of a glam 

eg wnehkfnt fill, 


2 /0 
Classes of Turbine : Fheip construction 
and principles of operator. 
keds Of Artie aw antl Anewn. Howcer , A Shot 
ot, Mat Me dffereut ype may 4e cael, aferwusa- 


Aad, 


dr Conu)en arth All Sham engines, Sac Murtrnr 
Ot ty Chan Arey ib expaceenr ow metal 
Ganiateon Ge forersure, ahers Zo ur Artin, Heuer 
wo 2 terfa. exteurs 2 Honrbti Knusfermaterm - (7) 
Of Kent cergy ne Ainehe exp, Za Preriug Zt 
a Shean (2) of He hectic curgy G We get rho 
Offertix amk, Jhe tifeley rent of vetrett, Chaachr- 


tts Heo Aetion © uufeulse “Yh, wkere ae fhe nee f 
Deen el elehy Characterier The presents oO feo 


a MMU 
Fig, 4 shows the uni aud 


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Wwe Arranugtmtn7 of 2 rxr- o((( / 
true tb 
ima) yi 
tsar ge Ceca Fig 4 - Vane and Nozzh 
maar bbahes Provig ux Me gement of impulse turbines. 


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tlachs o revirecng gridic, Zhi Stenin direcll, tuts 7KE 
mz B at trtr fpunure aioli Comsikl, exianchel 
ue The arz2ze dewn re he baek frersure of The exkaucr 

Ju fprucxh ofecratiox Of Thi Yyfe Of rurbrir 
@ Shown ty He Leet? anne, uticatri.g He flow of 
Sheau.. He vileeity-Aiagrris may ke nen ro advnutags 
m Thin Ox fooscton. Su Figs Bt W = vebrecty of Shean eu 
brig frown We morsel 24 Qn auyh « unk He dlaw 
ay wih CO The velreity of Mi 


Aka. rhe relrety 1, of Me 


betwen He Muechon f 7 
Gud fhe [Lav of The wheel eter Zhe Aiyh af 
fia Clade at eutr-nuee. Lhe tla, being egommctjinat 
He trit ulptive relrech, 2 mater Me sau augh 8 
ante The place of The wheel, ark te fretenk, cace 
Boat, , Cor tining Rank C He nesuthaux absot& 


Lik betren, Wr, w ortaitdl, She Sduu preer nehears 


Fig 5 


» Wn herecuding sits of rau’, Wi Kustic tuergsy 


Of We pee wrt velert, we W Zo u,% fr 7 founbo of. 


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= /2 
SHAunK , ar <x The aay 3 = iG Bie. Dhirrfort, lhiroretic atl, 
| Me kerk ateored by the whats ,Wo= Fo (or 4") 


Flg. 6 Shows 7a AAG nbet 


of Ma. Statronary Quad Mori, DDD - 


brackets of te tarts op rte re  &\ KC 


 attion typfee. Tks Stadionary buc- DY) ) ¢ 
| kets ao gud BB Comfort ro J CGNs e 
 Perxtes ue the tufrulee hyfs of Fig 6 - Stationary and 
rte , emia CC Bre The Moving 
buckets Siuiler tue form fo He saten Ary guides, Zhe 


. 4 . J 
moving VaNCS 17 Freactior7 turbine 


Shear. tur rhe fires Ser of Stationary, buetehs & 


UtCreece uw veleuty,, Ske Me nue freroure fer Shage ux 


| thio Fryfae of ay rank, exceekh /0 or /2 prowid> aud 


The velrety of The Steam i not neark, 22 High aor 
Tke Chee of The Greater exbauerrn kat Cecur ue Me 
oarle of the tinpeutee rurtine. Ke steace sauces a7 
tretinnte betbrecty aut tut ShGKM, rednecn Luni, 
Set of meviug Cxrekets C uufhartiug Wo Men by 
tuputee iat poortis-c Of its prema ccser gy Hkad Kas 
Aen Conrnrited urcto ictrety ty its panage Kiergi 
the quits 6 Onniug vo Me Shape of The Marg buckets 


Pd “ 
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7 he > a4 . any. 
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whiek have Th Sane noel Lhe fom ar Ti guides, 
(Tha Stew nudges 2 Mil furshir prerearn. 4o7b, wik 
A Corrvepfrouting Cxpaudionw Auk werence ww belrech, 
ak ts parage Utevgh Fhe vanes, 7S a result of hE 
erence uc veloety,, the troup Sta uufarts 
turgy lat 4a, teen Converted mts urtrect,. The 
Saue freceer oy refeatd ui he deeoud sev og 
Slatrionany Ai Mier vn , aud So on Mioug here 
| ao Mace Stages ao Are regwred x Atshner att Me 
eee 7 A Sem. r 


(Se 
blag te wtrtity a less : Be 
Mido aen, Ficgs7) aud (8) Cc pee 


At wr be Khe atsolhit 

vetrrty of The Shear Fig8 eG 
Lutiring The yixed rau 

f: Ke Stave Kiting Prorgk nee2k-tihke vauts 2cguiny 
a Karger vtlytcty Wy hun 0 Meh uw ae 
hing te, Unitdk The ferifhrral velrech OC an get 
vitreity Of trhnies a 
elo; fener 290 aeeuls the velerethy of evik r,t 


eo Comitinnig 3 anilg C, the rete Ww 


z /4 
w, he abhsoliGe vrleety of tuhnuce whe next row 
of Chace, He unk Aone tu Buy diye Stage «2 ab- 
tnd frown. We velrety Magra. “ The uourl 
Turhiutes aw Airtted uo Theor wo frinefal 

Clase : | 


Oe Laval 
|. Keteon or Luuputse tyfee —¢ Curtiso 

[rattan Zoe lig 

Fatcone 
eg Renee oe UP oe Hels urerth 

He preaeed he baal tertine Comecots of a Sigh 

bucket Set aul one 264 of Ainrgirg nezshs, Fig 9. 
She Steaur. tulrug Th 
nwzikes at Corl, punue 
W txpauddh we The nozzle 
to (ke baek Prenaure , atl its 


Si Ae NOS 
add Bei ica Fig 9 De Laval (Sweden) 
NM 1 ea eee isi ogee dei the Guodents 
by npfautee. Crw-Prerewre tentiuce of Mito ryfie Are net 
Conatuetred, 


| ure Shaye Aauctk eack Preroure Stage Some De of- 
4 And prxed bladed. Fa 40 Sheus The An Aegemnscy- 


of tladse fa Sug 
Stage Artic. eg / Shows 
Ke Arrangement Ba two 
Stage Artin. Me vel- 
ceihy Up a jek 8 reder- 
A Ly tack re<r2e2al 
ue She Prerrng baie 


—< Le 
CLCCOE CCC CC 
COE 


(Pr 


>)» 
CCC 
ro 


a SRS 
Frg-“ — Curtis (United States) 
Multistage Turbines - Impulse Type law <r 


aut Mis peeero Carried owt wo mary tine 40 
of the pt. Phuc Me shear cx Cack Stage 0 Allrnatl, 
Mee! | pl te he a, of) ti Tha than 
ar te Katean tirtie, He priucpal of Prev 
Coutborucling W cuckloynt The tirtine Comacets eoceu— 
| Ainlly Of teveret Achat Frrtines we deries , Arig 


js 


Figle LOW PRESSURE CURTIS STEAM TURBINE DIRECT CONNECTED TO 500 KW. 
GENERATOR (TYPE CC 4-500-1500) 


in dfparat Chautew. Fg 4+ shows The acracgenat 
of tate Auk geidic, Pe Conctieho. of We Zoctl, 
tay fe we berg duuilar Yo thar of The Taka. ofee, aud 
aU The Kenehe cuetgy Bevel fit nu €ackh fi'weck quid 
| w utibedk uw A digh revetrns urkel 

/7» the Vareeno Furtine , Quccle bnuter Art Con- 
ploy fo AMicer He ofcan. Agaiuet The rauce of He 
to traueterrr the <curay OF The Stone Con fhe ucto 
Katie tucrigy | Bul Cun iergirg fro The gure 
vues , le eucrgy Gf The Shean 6 onl, fartt, hinhe, 
wufarthé xo He rau of Ske meving wheel H funn 


17 


DSS SSS SSCS SSSA 


PS SS SSS SSS SESS | ae an] 
t 
h 


iY 7 

ZACLLLA 4 
K si LAR — AAA RR AB AAAS Qs Be wala! ae | 
MOA rss 


SS 


WESS Sy] EH J 
UN ag! WP 
Z Wn 


Fig. }3 Sectional View of Turbine Casing GEC 
E. Co. 


CCEE€ 


oe. Ve NY YN 


Po 
CCCCCCCCCCCCC 


Fig 14+ Rateau (France) 
Zoelly (Switzerland) 
Multistage Turbines - Impulse Type 


Power 


18 


za za ra 
o Zz My 2 v Za 
pw. 4 Sp ae of of 
z : z z 
=< FE =< E =< k 
aa FS oa h ad e 
— o = a =a D 


OUT 
OUT 


Fig. 
Arrangement of Blading in Parsons Type Turbine. 
Allis- Chalmers 


guide vauec ua cuftyt to Ane Tie Troving Vout 
by expauesx.. Phe Steau Then aroes % Tho next 
ter of | nem Yau Aue Morrg lauts Aen he 
Shaw w Acatacd. Fro 1S Shows The arnaugeymeuT OF 
boades uw VFartens’ Artic 
Ake Hauilter -Melewatt skau turbine nsemtdh, 
tke Cinema ue shat the Skan flows Throryk The 
Firtre we A Continesns tel Mut whu ao Ke 
eee | «ee ha | Faeons toy fas expauds bot uw Mla 
| Girdle vauce Ae ick Fhe thal buckets ke cxbaus- 
| ou 1 Cougiued to The guide mance ort, we This tyme. 


: 
JZ — 


yr 


2 


“MINNIVA SOTOUT G°1Z ‘ : a7 d= epic 
Your @7)Z ‘ainposqe “sq, GT “dy 000% ‘eUTqINT, MOY-e[qnod ‘ainsseailq MOT 8sNoYysuUNseM ‘UOTVIS—OT “3Iy 


Hl IH Bi 


ON ng 


UM HW i 


2 


RO 


’. Westinghouse, Double-flow, Low Pressure Turbine Unit 
; fitted with Governor and Automatic Reducing Valve. 


Arranged for brake load test. 


Fig /7 


4 


ine 


ivi WN) Woe 


f) UU aoe 


ma 


FIGIS 


ELEMENTARY PARSONS TURBINE WITH ALLIS-CHALMERS MODIFICATIONS 


— « 


: 
| 


Representative Low-pressure Turkine /rstallations 


J. Gary Pek Haha A typoreat Crauht of Lau = 


Of The Uiko Sate Cat aud Gk &@ Gary, ier 


Va. Powrr to frst fo Fhe Wining frepirty seoriy 
tarich , pups, bbowere ve. Hie plaut Contains tno 


Frg.(9{nterior Power House, U.S. Coal & Coke Co., Gary, W. Va., showing 
Low Pressure Turbine. 


24x44x22 Corks Engine 750 K.W., one 100 KW. Couplete 
CxAaudienr Stra JAurtrne Geel one /000 Km lowypress- 
ure Shera Purtrne, Cork Gf Parcene Yee. Aeee rrrtine 
an den ty ieee Corbi uve, fan Area, ecek 
24 uw Adar Aut RF fr tugh . Zh. follwing 

bye Aenghh, wmdticah (he ermal Ofer. ation. Z 7k 
uty fron Jteatringd take. othetin 7,/908. 


iiss a 


; = 


7” wo 
BP 
‘: 
© 
é 
i—_, 
% 
15 


r : 


DuAput of excginig ---. - --- (400 kw. 
QA fut op lr prevowrs Yurtriry / ROO KM, 
| Straw presenur (Gangs) alae aah ISO porwuds 
| Va cune LP Turtrne (repel 430%. 25-8 170hes 
| lecugerraturn of ingeetion --- BB hgru~ 
Tecufarrater. Gar -~----- BS hype 
Cootiig ue Power 2. - + BS Olgas 


epee Tee ore Make A wb teen Kat Fhe low- Pay, 
turbine Carried rark, Kalf The Tetel lend on Orr Tan 
26 wceheo Yrtwn , aul woell Kaw Carried over (S00 KW. 
On 28 uckeo pac. 

2. Installation in plant of the BeVendorf Fike 
Company of Davenporr, Ja: Wtowat wu yours age 
phat, Mle a Thorough wiretigetcn of Ke vnrime 

Prva meres, 2 fueters Srriutkedt % the Crw-punun 
ee ag ee es 
prow he Slanck-poiit of ratbiahtit,. 

afore The Lnetatlatin of he Yertii. fhe PA 

Two 100 Kw, Aieek ConmecesKHl hgh speed Pace Core 

LN EY Tae 

A nity fF higd-oulee prupe. 

Bu ar Corners. Wut skane unr evkaueteel ut 


q our trac, , matiiig Au heal Arrangement for 


—S) ea 


a a sto . Se” pers 


a a eA 
: , of A 


q 6 


* * ~~ 
co a a Nagata: ~ Son laaltN GB 


= 
ry 


a 


r 


R3 
Corrncetioxn ww Au exhauss Tirtinre, 
Ke coufauy, deecaed Yo rvetall a S00KW. horiean. 
Fal Curtire furtiue, He reerth f fest nelicahkat Mat 
7S to G0 frercent of The Cccergy elievercd Yo The Ciigines 
ac auxitkarie, ane tecormed. SY ime forunl Hat suey 
feet exhkauot Ska ane aenilathi to furwiek 425 Ky 


Comtruatl, ao as muek Ag S75 KW. fer Shot perso 


Jkt wrtixr frat, Srne uf “be Shut -clang eu % 
Theo eet oy Cace Cone tientimnet, ee Ont EE 
aMation of a Low-prenmue Artie ut Aug phee ahere 
A duffircent 2fth, of exkaned Shaun » Aar-nifald fo 
3. The swstallation ef Low-pressure Furby7e 
(hr The In ter borough Kapiad TransiZ Comparyy 17 
New York: Ais Company has tutbathdl Mace 7500 
KW Lets And w now eugagek we wctathiug fv 
Mnere Unit of The Stuuw sixe, Sack of Me 7500 KM. 
low - prereeere Artie Lite rzeeeiasifs shaun from 
2 Warkatau type oF Corting Crepes Kavig Yue 
4A2-wek Avtizontal hgh porevure eglhicers + tue 
86. week vertical fow- preiwu Cyhiudiw. (py 479.20, The 
Cure A geno He a, ee Artie wants -ni, 6 


gow tugi Watr-rale Prniig Mon- Conus, C 


Tt 


Lal 
= 
« 
°o 
he 
6 
) 
& 
fe] 
3 


a aw ems 
et 
smey ot dye 
dy. 


at pee! Pas ee oe 
beat RS ‘ ms 
-)e o vs - . ? ] 
Seam : ere eee Ce re 
a a 


ERA Seas fas ©. hand equ 2 fot eed g 
= : : + fee 


. i 5 tab 


by Th onbed i ee 


- ej 4 -, o 
- : <<(rageeeoo 
/ - : > 
_ - . x 4.48 4 
n - - a owt 
— * + f 
: '- 
- =. " - < " 4 
- } 
\ — c é — 
WY st 
. ba F q 
- : 
i eto ‘ ee 
re , - * . Ae & 
; 
~ _ ¥ 
‘ 
: =" } : - . 
. + 
Sout 


[ 25 

| Qu The wutr-rak of two Cugines , F gives Me Unihr 
Mak of Cnc Ceeginr acd Gw—premuce Vertiiie Grrtuieel, 
Dguw The ante-rnte guaratid fora t+gpical Mohr 
(2000 K.W. Staukark Aigk- wee Lei dk Hreceeiing Creede 
SQum ContMActcs, 

Fhe teats COFaiied Hy the wrt Maton of Bw-pro- 
ature terntrues Au ae follows; () Bu aetrence of s00 
fercut ue. mraximnum cafacety of (Land @/ A mcieree 
IFO pereut tu CComemece Cafaety, GZ KCraut* &) 
Savy of afferximah, FS frrceut of Me Con deccec dk 
(Kean for retirn fo We brits A) Fy average uighrre 
Print a. SConomy of /3 fercent orer Whe best hiegh- 
Precoute fertine -eecutd4s (0) Wh arexage tenck Kemal 
fficcey, of Zeb ~ercecre Cetrre. she Cinch of 
GS00 Rud "S500 KW 

ta HC Steet Concebicte, “Li geuynl he srsht- 
nme Aurtinwe, Prag Le Uecmmended 

dhirtver Tie Are govt cucginec atreaty total n om vis 
ia Can of a Pen mofrtlation whi The Lond fact 
Aud Fe Confl- toot are Kink. 2. Klute Lavrrig a 
lay wehrthton Ba gor type of eeswrath 
bugis, The Low- premuxe Artis meray Ae added 
at a telat cost, wchioliung Mew Conkecety aurv/targ 
oo es aaieaaanlpaaaaay 


oun Me Atwt age Ov all wmrcetmenr 


» sin, wah, ey <4 ~~ “ae ~e ——= . es 


Py 
> ae 
¢ 


Tm * 
i 


% ba. Ti; ——_ 
to eeted Vie t — eG . . RS eee rs 
| 3 Ait A eta ott 


Zz 26 


pow Kw. of The eutre flaunt aud So rebrecug Mi 
freed Chargo ir KW ~ hour, ” 
| 4, Installation in jhe power house Of FRI /a- 
delohia Frapid Transi* Cormpan ry, TKig Station 
port of He oigrnlt Philncetihin Traction Coufauz? 
| Pewrr egircfrnrent Aned ans Crilk doin yiar age 
wher. the prtten. of high beueion Anucmmiscoun ame 
met delrid, Zhe shaton ans eguifick anh Mer 
Curren? Cugiice - gtctiatord ancl ane Creates ni 7k2 
Conteqututth, shirated nen- Concuwecig. Hse Sno 
att, wrth Slatienge ocfrratd Condsecing bur uncr 
porr tend tordithongs 

For a coneiduratth periert of tine no Monts 
Who Gu haiging Uw ro & Condeuising shation 
Ao Thig wpb Miners AYrenthn. FE a Kine 
SS Stations atte GetLi egeihiuit yar 


Mirek hlt, Cconcmy. Kt 7he Stew “ine Ke on7bur 
of [hes Station hus MeruLadug wit no fachtli, fo 
Met The Acard BKeee eo fects Led +o 2 Crnsethara 
Bp the Comdeverng perth. no unk nae anitale 
4 wre neeevrarg +o tustall Corting Pei. The uahtate, 
Of Condensers wa, net feractical az all anclatse 
pee Rac atreat, beer weed. Phe turgid geuerarors 


r - 7 aay . 
) ao Ge 
~ i =~ 
} ‘¢ 
4 
pay - hy + 
ty 


Ve. hee Ce. cee 


ress) a gay | yh Re 


+ 


ee bs ee) ree 


a 


‘OO LISNVUL GIidVa VIHdTAGVIIHd (“M4_008) SLaS 


UOLVAANAS ANIGUNL SILUND AANSSAad MOT “1319 


iL 


‘ 7a we oe o V1) Ore i 
La | 7 7 am, "a \ 
: v i” Ds i eat ay: 
hic ae a at 
7 Jt ‘=! ¥ 
ome 
y 


, 

» "tps ~~ §) r ;, ** 
_ we : ia 7a"! ms 

= on 

’ : \ | ape Girt ers 

aa dg?» Lapras 
oh. = ee ey ale. 


sayy ; Mati é 


he eee: (oe 


iy 


q § 
i 
wnt 
i 
> = 
sll 
x 
«f 
\ 
. F rn 
ae 
f 
( 
1 
i} 
C] 
9 
a 
ie" ‘ 14 P 


_ 
[ 


| 


——____ 


28 
win of uSufficecens gine Yo Shrud ary grea Ue Crence 
dog the exhaust pifing Shick Kad ber ce denies a 
Puter of yare aun me revisme Kad ever Leen 
trate to make k raccnn-Agkt, To rin Me Crginee 
lon Aewoiug, The otk cxkauct fife, kad to be refbrecd hy 
feariiig Ont Aun abf'hona/ erfeercee. 

Klowt Thin Prue The SxKauer Sac Artie 
pacfrcsction preecrt piety . Pls Comeitlntl Thought 
aud figuring, #4 une final, Aecoed Yo ry ax 
ee A At 7a. GO00KW. 
on KKe tofe fort of he SIxh Lecgiue- forutntion . 

Orgucal flaut. Phe orgrcat ctecg> G he Shatin 
provitidl prox then Frtn Arne orporruw 
Crrt Eng vies 2GX 40X48 inChes Shnrating ar Porm 
lth 160 porwwd> wihnal Shear fresaurc. Ener pan 
Cf Cugintss 7 Mirek Conecceted to a [500 KW. PC. 
groratyr. Four of These anh bere teofatie ar 
fret. Fhe meal Atahr equifuenr Gratin wu brik~ 
torn frm wsuffitirt+ aut a Larger kraky wae 
miler. The onl, Avalath peor wae He The cugine 
now a The hear Ane wotitidd ore oru-hay 
of the Space alloticd +o the s/f Muth, Bho! Thi, Fine 


gate RE 5 Rm SS 
ieee OS cg Ie ee 


=. a: > ae wile, con 


Te aS ee hie ge BE 
NAO go. G 


A E. s 
. be - - 

| > nit ding a a ee a ee » 

tt eae ; i 


« é a tr ‘ee ai, te +. ~ 


ER ia ie 


bee a ae An Tae 


by 


fas Oh, em on en s ; 


Rg 


ea 


= sorts 


SD 
i! 
| 


N | 


Lo 
= 


na) 


‘a 


if 
| 
ee 


oy 


AT 


A) 


LLL LLL 


Fig. PLAN OF EXHAUST PIPING IN STATION 


pes 

ee N 
C | 

tN 


LLL CLL LLL LiL 
ie 


LLL LLL 


ue 3 + 
No A f*s| 
SSNS Sf SSRN SASS TELE 


SOON 


[ 30 
The fifth unit ane neotalled , Whick Tien Complited Ws 
Shr fret ae forte he Oigqural Crilbiicg We Corr cerd 
Ub berg nuforitii rw (Ke. The texte Unecr 

Ahi brit, wom eyrnfermenr sad aloo reacked & 
marx tana At This true. Din Conesrn +f rrinchex 375 
Horr Ponrr Bateux aud ailerx Crh Aud sore “007 Hose 
fowrr. Pork bet 

Ae main txkauet Syoteu Conokd of tue 
exhauet ints one on cack dds of fhe Eccpine ro0%7 
battintut, cack Aeecgrnert Yo Cake Cau GZ Thies nik 

Detaite 77 Susttlatere: Le pLrecieg We exhaust 
Shean frtriren 1 hes KC ery few Chaeger are 
made ue The geval Sthevie Gf exkauet frig, Ae 
The Purtine har % alicee au eh by a2 Hee ux Ue 
24 uch Sxkauer ter on Ke eCacd Sie of He Sint ox, 
um 000 59. $f Corventir— Creu Alber ocx Sunpoe Con- 
Geusiry each Conucetidh AueerZ, vo he Yurtiiu 4, 
Tata a Shot make-ufo picee. Dre Corting renew 
wow tretidl Zotuet He MK eud of Ma bulhiy 
Aut Cirrwt on Au eratnt bhitform of rufreed 
Cmertte. Eatk truer bo egiikfekt anth Avy (08 ck 
fous on offerte tivig Aud sferrated Ci, he Sane 
_ Ariven Oy 46 Hose Four motors. 


3/ 

Fhe trtriie, au The Curt vertical Aye Aud 
au ff He Stue Geral Meetgn Ae He Cour-preaure cud 
Of the Regh-freaure Certire rurtiic. 
cprration Cx lee (5 1905, Auk ke Beeend sn. a 4th 
hater. Fig 23 Shere Me reer of [ix rachis frou 


3,500,000 7 
| 
2 000,000 = Station |Output ie ama es 7 = a 
3 2,500,000 [Ss A — - 
s 
$ 2,000,000 t + 
: 
_ 1,500,000 
3 
St) Output of Turbines No.'6 and No. 7, 
500,000 i = aa 
0 
= 30 aI 
No. 6 and N 
1 “20 —o Ss) 
‘a hel WA 
n oO | 
| 
a 
Pens 
Tin 
Ce) 
oe 
i.) 
a 
a 3 
ae seca eata seems SoS eas f 2S Sas Gee Ss 
Se Bane 8 Sees Bae oS Se S Rar S echacerse eh eee 
1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 


Fig. 23 TOTAL POWER OUTPUT AND PER CENT OF LOAD CARRIED BY 
EXHAUST STEAM TURBINES 


That fine up % Spterter 8/9708. The fever reerce 
Caring 1906-7907 wp Corte pfrovttis with Geurratus, 
Preto wh Ceti rs. But ern Hin , Mou ow 
a coneidirabti wereaae ui The Ourhut Aue €Conemy 
OF hh “Mmackiues Aung he years aneutd vo 
I4-6 prrcent of The tugine Conk. By refewing Yo Me 
Coed tynenufetion Cume, QA market dewease Cau be 


ii 


TY 


j 32 
Stu Anning he frre tu whieh Mi furtris ave 
denies Ke Leet recorre weu abvngs mracde wher The 


i en eaten 


Kilowatts 


| 
T 
/24.7% 


43.7% 


i =a 
Exhaust Steam |Turbine’ Generators 


9 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 

P.M. A.M. M, ‘P. M. 

Power. N.¥. 

Fig.@4fRELATIVE LOADS OF EXHAUST STEAM TURBO- DARWEN AND ENGINE- DRIVEN 
GENERATORS, SEPTEMBER 4, 1908 


Fig 24 Shewe Ue out fut Curve for the Shation on 
Leelee ty 4/90F Qud wa tg frat Corre Hrriug hE 
Stes mourie. fig £3 Whek Skunv The ween of 
Sy ae Berg IG0b6 -/907 bo Lower thaw n05- 
Aenthivg Shit. the Firtiues wen Cprvahig nik 
Apical Mey Stl Skowrd a gain of /4-6 preutt 

WON) Bch Ta Achiahitt, of rhe Machin 
Lecco react ofehing Crclihiou 19.25 Kar heen 


JSP ns WM ah | 

b : “ 
eae fei Se ARS ey 
ee eee | eae 


(| | Bar 
700 t | 1 
| 
| | | 
[ ze | | 
80.4 iad ac xim a it) | °4 Ho | | 
4.9% x 91 16 Maximum O typ tty | per Day 
600 | — | ja a 
Average 70. | | 
eee | | BO, 
laa f 
} 
| ral 
500 = — 33 
| >i a a ee = | ay 1 
V7) 
<?, 
ae a Z 
O = Slee / Serle aren 
|> Z 
= = RS Al 
3 n »4 
400 -tl | +—|— xy - a + 
vA 8 
| 2 aa) — 
" > 
) — — 
q 
te + 
| 9 7 
300 5 — 
t 
V2 
L ; 
oie 
00 pode s=Se a= | tos: No-7—Averag) 9075 
4040 | eS eS SS IE Sake eared re a | el [iersral oe | 
a 
Z 
CL. 
WT 
100 100% 4 No.6 rage |91 
50 
25 
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 
September, 1903 Fp, ETE 


Fig. 2.5 OPERATING RECORD OF EXHAUST STEAM TURBINES 


prepared - DhQ Cuno Show Ke “*tetnnd of The Ma- 
CReneg Arkon Arig Scyeteutin 11908. Zhe prac- 
tice at the Statirn new w~ +o kueyo Ke Ferbics 
The cur for Nob machine Shows Kat ik Kae 
beer ian —dtwiee T#:9 ferent of Fhe Curr, Hie 
Auring The ‘montt Auk No. 7 77AaCkine FOF | 
percent of the Hue, Zhe tee Corr Cures show 
Hie tondk fuetr, No.6 Aviraging F/ percent fill 


dah Aud No.7 Go pircente fll bad for The Cutire 


| 
} 


He operating puetS @u avnage of 7026 prcuct 


| 34. 
fer the tuo -mackines 0 Cb fained for The cutie ment 
Of Syetenrticr. 

Jonct- to gt Son exact figures ae vo Thi 
sesh ee, Lew) it Ths, fo thority 
tatles, 


] Tob/e IZ Dara orn lerréive 


meee ORS Ala. aS ou.) eon aor 
| Ne? skam us<d by turbine per tr, lbs ---- 320424 
| Steam jer Kr br (ary jflés -------- 3775 
| 5 4ea 7 pressure peournW abs - - -~ - - -- [4-33 
| Yacuur7 , it a ake Sw a Se ees OI, 


7able DD Au KIVA ES 


Fower absorbed by Mote niverp Aux. -P --- 156-02 


Tower absorbed by Sry vacuum purypo UP -~-- 976 
Fower absorbeo b y. hot wt? V45 rye 9 =) Ge ek ee, O. 73 
Fower absorbed by Sk bearing PFET TLE ~ Oe 4. RZ. 


Total power absorved by Quxr/raries PP - -~- 17R:*8/ 


Fe reen age of Atk Marr/esS te total outpur- sh SBT, 
Net wicreased lead 4o Cro (ead prreent--. 16:8 


Table TL Condenser Fesu/*s 


°} 


Cee ane hee fe ee FE 
Jemperature oflpyeer om Wwarer ah Are te ay RTs Gs 
| Temperature of lis Charge Water F°- - - ~ 76S 


Temperature af Hat wel! water -K°.-- EhOG 


| 
| 


aOR eS 3.4 
au aie ere. : . Aeon, 4 
; maak! a. | ha a i 
- 5 i aes 1 See 4 
agra eke ne ply Raa ten vt 
a ae eee rene, hes ¢ > ; 
> > _ ecedhy oe ayy Tay er a 
— , ea aged sy ae 
brn “ae ws oy’. 


3 : 


as: 


ii 53 
fi sgurning Kat the Cortina Cginrte uw Who Siahey 
Rtas ES of Shean fr Jb, 4 Can Le Seece 
kitvwatl Coutlie derelohestt 2% the Artie for 
bach Kowntt onr-put G he Ceegru geuratos, 
Mlowriig 30 bercect of exkanet fr feet Luaters 
akproxtiumte 7%o ferecut of he engine Cahaerty. 
Ae recnlhe sltaiuesl On He Kote of Ae Aiding 
aw €xaett, te Aeeprclawee ante wWKat uray exkeehed 
frou regular Siation rhtrating enh area ont, 
Confirms the belief kat We exkare Ska tortie 
to Wak Coneiherng Ao A menus of “eretecieg Ki 
Aud Aurfiut of 2 nen- ComAececug Stavem 
BAA fr Me peret Sx semble of 1905 before Ke 
tertiies Wr nistrled, Areragen 4:48 food pur 
falowett- howe. Ft Coal Comeninfresu hr hires 
Ax ments G 1906, afir Ske Antinecs are wv etig 
average 4:08/b per kilewalt-kh. , Showing 2 Saviug 
Of 0.8 1b Of Conk parr kckprratt-ter. Mo The +efal 
 otdbuct of The Station. fer The fered Six monies of 


1906 bo 20,346,890 Kelouwnt-hrio, hic Shows a 


Saving oF 4,069 7o-m¢ CF Cont Or6/ BE ren0 fr Tho Kear, 


i! 


oat omar ig a , AZ Aa ‘ : 
> te : at Ks i ; 


a 


— 


6 au ie 7 


< vested rf, ‘t% ye ek a ve BY 
vy), See J Liu al Ny va hae 4 


+ 


36 
wrheek, Pigwud avr 83.00 jar You , Qewcndls Yo FLA 4/y4°° 


— exkaet forrxr rte frre eeegenrer, 4 flan Mad 


He ucefellation of abditiousl Lew-prermun terres 
Cafath of utileing 2tl The exkaca?t Ske ae. AXL6 ccof 
Ma Conl Criewiprou Arwr % BH per bKebuadhan 

Arow Ke Powk of res CF fred emt, he rperrl 
Sham egiifsuenrt Core SeueRee ue He rnecolfeur- 
Ard 12 8/00 per kebwel, acd ro Karr mcurecd 
Their Output ou its Arg mal ie) Waroet Pha Aleit ae 
Mreu7, He lrw-punurc tertines , ort contig rss 
however, wae snclatid af Bu exfouwse of afftximal, 
950 par Klewnt. Zhen a savrip Go o0% wi Mm 
prt meer ase of KCaur 1 ertdeui- 

5 Combined Lroine o7d Low-pressure 
turbine i727 The Mercror7r yesse/ Ca iL: 

ye) BAY! mechs biddel fitted 
the New Zealacck tills Wc ee Pires te 
Mery, i Brnuterfvon. Sk to vertecatly A Seeker 
Sif ES LE IE A, Open” 


i) an ye 


yous 


. hot ye >e ey aR 


\ 
= : > LD hela 
7 
eo i. me. ee is 
4 
= = ws - a > 
{ ss te ne 7 at 


—= é x ps » 


eee ee E. t ——o 


ite gt. 
San wesc ‘a eee Se 


a, a i. E> Y 4 ' : ~), 4 tx 4 ) 


_, . i 4 
>a bee Werte A SH 4, awe _ 


a ne 
| by he Sanur Corufary. Us brite tuatallations ts Mh 
R00 Porwuh per 99. vrck, 

She eecgiuss of The Oraki” Cuneced of rere con 
 Aiving wry Jigkiline aun a2 Garp rurkin 
Arviug 2 Core frihieth, Ae tnrtiie Stew wn 
tke Choke” Qeanrall, staking , Ge binary Caan 
Low - renin nfs 


Su mrery oF Com par/S Ors Or Sriale — Fesuts of We 


Otaki” and Crant” for a speed of 14-6 krr7s. 


; Warer Consump rior 
Nome P 
MeV ELL? | Lf. io. Toral | Rr Ep | Be LAP 
per Ar per Hr per Hn 


Gain percent iy Ofak i 


Jka neatts Show a deecdeX gain tu eConemy ; 
hut # w eCrrdleuns Kat Anu exkueire ataphou of 
Thie ‘i will wer be mack, exec pet Whine eComeuey 
vkefred Cone dernake.: Ae Coupacinen Aud smatl for 
Spacer of fertriues aru great Aburnutage Aud we Lee 
ced Ae Hace fecec d “epiihiad 
fth furtenen WACCk Are Goo ecemusiuical /Keu a 
Contato of ae Bt Gwoapweun Kurtin, 


— 


— on 
| iy oa : ; ee | 
F a ‘ a Wa 


Xx R 
| cancer Cp wo 
a eaiek 
: . “ a 
oe ae 
/ Pe ee 
PS + a 
a . ‘sy \ 
a ia 
a: 
v 
aks hb a 
~ a ar 
~) <= -< s Ss teal 
¥ a 
r mW a we AS. | 
? 
eb 
| res 


> eR 


L es Sats = 


ees a ov 


i > eae 


¥ 


4 4 a = 


/ 
| 


| 


38 
6. Low- pressure Furbine 7 The Liner ‘Olympic: 
Tke Toot reruarkatl affpteation of lour- poremwe twrtria 
a fore or the BK Star Mier “Uigmie ” sed 
W Lely Conshtuetour. Ze ar apimins of yur areey 


propctict Anivee Lig reeprorating tugines wit a 


centr prwfell. Arvin by a Gw- prem rrtiu ta- 
hee. Meo oe he Liisa Cawreater” writ Snek grofyrry 
Jtett$ we aut Ke Caminaten of nhationr 
Marit Aas Leen acattedt for 7, Cnr Bympce” He 
Yo wring profetha Are Ariven by AKA exXauecm 
fegints write freur egbidwe He Kok preewe eybiide 
Maceg SH weehte, The miermctial EA mchie Al 
Yue Low pour cobredire D7 wicker vic Preeti , hh 
ae. 2 shoke fp bfaer Bushee, Te contr 
[rreperthr o lance thy the Lalor xfs 4 62 
fuerte Lakes Cteacr. frau He Low — Prermiwee 
Cgbhictrt Cp The engines. Arrow he Comfauys 
SFanctfheriir The pat avhachi~ featnu of hs Wa- 
ve Beer plate of He CAlcago Nerlh Westers7 
Frai/wa vy Térra1na/, — First new plant whith has 1778- 


tated low- SP TESS Ure furbine tr Cormmecfar pw tle engias: 


ah sey 


my SA ERS, 


en SES hae 


a OG. He “~ WS me | 
ONS. nop SC 0h a ‘See 
; Re Fon ig wet AY Ase aig 


re cape mv 


: oy) 2 oe 7 n ‘ 
ine ie -a oa) ioe 


Be 


a 


ae 


z 39 

| Yu the eecgiw Mone ire Ate at poreccuy “- 
| stetliel Tiaee vertreal Crere- Comfeowudl 0n- Con eneing 
Ate ha brrwvc COrtvn Exgices, wit 25 auc 444,92 
_—7 cack ratkid AF WSO uwhcatkdt horce 
(Powe , ar (00 rpm. arte Skene. prunuce at /5SB 
aud 0 BLegrce F Gaferkena 7 rr. Curtiss lw-prermm 
i purt—rre Auk ghuecratrr nuk 4 Sov K-W. 
Capatty w wetnthd ue Whe Mmaehire Pron. SH 
to Me talento: fo re r07- Condmuecug Haring Lraome 
Wher Shean frr Keatriy will Ce Mecemary arel 
wee fhe Low prereen Anti or% at grek tine 
ae erkauct Shean wrth obinanl, be alorid Me 
| amet 4 We thmerpher, Kher nol reuty Oe he 
Aeatig Spero Tle ight tinh writt be Taken cone 
Of tig ue of The Urbino Euginee aw 2 He tn 
upto A feocat Sher The COmbried tits ee fill, 
broad When AucdMir ecegine well Ce Cue ee Qed 


| 


So ou. Bh Cee gues haw a Farr aute ao hal, -rake 
OF 18-6 fonuds pr IMP agawet 16-5 poiud abe. 
Awek [CeTeuWrEe , Hon Wetetiee: Kas A guarnurtecol 
wat.- ral ff 32:7 frowed of exkauef Shear pew 
LHR Phe huge af mtd tad ronld Like 


(1150 K/P-6 = age)” aud Alp //50 LHP. he terbie 


‘ja Thee seey hoy SGN ASR Se eTN 7 
a ee sroarenaigewd aims. ne 
ee oe epetngees Ree 
Sk he Oe >a 

2 =. a haehianind. will Re Ieaghes —_ 
cared sly -SREBawR ira wy 


« 


rt t, ue en a Toe —v 
a ee, ee ee 


vai . — | —— i 7s ott MT re ee ot 
ahve a 
> warm 4c? gl pee a rl 
." \ 


~ — at dhiperes. la a | “ads: 


sca on ne eae “hated _ glen 
ay al sanded” Sal Bybee dy TRt oe 
(SN haat Stet Geely Wile Raa iG Kaa 
pat 8s, as Aaa | 


ins Ya pee: 
bd ae: 


aes ” 


i & 
ee 


Pr pe 

wth Stun Shae wont lind (21400% 32-7= 655) 
LHP Therefore the Gtel SHEP Aerekped 4 eqeral vr 
(80S Shrek gues a wat.-rek fF 18 (bo ska 
fer ZH. 

Muck ov oo a ‘it cs we 
“ke prt Aine fu exkanet-shanu trtin, init 


4./ 
Hear fecumu/otors - Effect of Vocuurn 


In Lour-prereun Ska tert hrachiee 4 fe- 


aS the Khourl, Consuuphsu of The 
turtrice, lt te Mraig Crees The Sufhly o> irreguler 
Auk whrellent , cwricg ro The fret Mar The Agh 


Prints tr rothing - Dvtl Ciguus , Tarratig art Short 
utah of rine 

Io Shady the nfl, of exkauet Skeacn. Arol ou- 
att atfrorxinsZLel, Conetnut Stan. % te tthrird 
fuer 4 fle Efkt YG Shean Couthkt, she fer 
Shnt# utiarh GZ rue, Proferonm Hateaun kas hort 
Out A regeuratie Kuat acccunlater, Aer Conecits 
of & Arat-s Jecdervpir «x Bhiek he Crlenge 
Stace ter Le excen OF The Atm aca 4 Co colececol 
bxkawt sheen suff, face 7 2 Mmeufficerend: Hs 
Yue Creeutals of ee hiM alee Bie eddie l dh tn Thad 
(genrnll, wal ) % Sine The regucesl aes GH 


 Aeat, acct Wat Hire Shalt le a tnopiecend weds 


buvfonw fir Te Pleewarn ainponiior. ariiurs 
eee 


62s 


owe NS ka RAL 


ty 
~~ a “Sava Devlin = - eee es, sase 


es eee SS 


mean = Pe ase be | m 
Aashoeay nat am 9 ae 2) aa 


_ ee 
ee Gre 
vee a ON oe 


wd —% a seem eee en 


ann a oe oy Rees 
" : ’ q 

) eae. ol ae Te Pr : a SSRI 
‘ ae rm > 

ye boy le. aad OR we pe vs 
ae Ne f 


ey at Oe gal as Sa IS Qrlasees 
= 5 ; 

am, ‘ais getty: ee See ~~ eS oS, 
ne Se ae, sat P29 = RS ir . 


ee re Ke ease a8 Rall 
+3 Se kos ® ters at Seale 
eee ae daw, Goat, ait «: 


ft, ee eee ies ~ aos ae . : 


ot oa geies wm ey. od ( “Say . 


4L 
Shean Thar &% 
5 ta, whhen Prrvrt | =—SHhe acer : 
| | w CuCiring The 
— he Li, 
frremwre , puet aiee alee Ai Conocquentt, 
wot, Can ext ux fie AlCCicnukhr ata kghr 
Surprnee of Hi nak ac Huw le Aeze 4 
Prevewwe of lhe Shean , 7ae 7 IES. 
[teracete Yerbrice , . 
Cpe Ke etn Or 
ee SRP 
Man LeCecwuucuKer : 
| Cometnif Aenred oo 
| patting wu Conetguccnee HE snhe 742 
| — wr fart Emfernn&. 
Of ig, | aes 
: i Ann fro a Pri a fKarrg 
| fr ettirns Mrriwimution Ae ce Fon pre oe 
Pade Ahir 03 os A 


cs 


er . ret vet BS 
on pa ae oe. 


eho ani ies eS 


~ Kees. 


’ 
whee 
‘ 
N <4 “~ * ot =. ? 
, 
~ . = wi nde 
ce a . 
Ne 
© 
ot ar? 
2s , Ravine S- 
) ‘ | 
&> aero Mod! 4 
~ , ‘ 


* ge i vit » = a ee, Sorel 7 
‘ , = a eed 
;¥ 4 Sach « 9 oa? 2y.." ‘of . e 


e 


a ~ irre 


JZ 43 


to stere heat for Quy Thing trr~ Shaw Short f oe 
But a Largs Prete Caet, Core auch The feror 
Car aun Kear Aecwenlhhrs mreay ke weer, Lu 
Caen of log whine pried rear Artine 
Stowld ke used wetat of Lou--pPrermurn Artie, 
So Rat Live Ska may ts need anflent Ang 
br ew fo Throtbeng, 

he effect of Vacuum io bery Cordent frou Wt 
fhenctieal wal--yni Cun. for Leff @ jacana 
26 Fhe Lower The Condenerr prrainsgtiboner woutd 
lower premieres 22 he Curr mdbvcate. But The mot 
Sa i acaaemameate fro greene (Laut be tat. 
ay Of the phat ecomerng at Varin, Meua , Me 
pow Coniiuuption of Aauxiliars, Auct he Chratiy 
ak fixed charge 7 the auxihary flac 


——aP ° 42a 


SP 


S50 55 SEBEs CASE OUEEs ae 


S.S.FORM3 


U. OF 4. 


wet eee 
Soe 
ones 


2 em = 


—— “f ti 


i 7 fc 
aa ow be inal naka E < —_, as 


$ aan bo ot A Ae Ss ww" 3 Ee ee ade i ale . a | -~a évverheo-al i ‘ ~~ a a on a 
ae ai ‘atte se ae Se is st iS = > << 
Es ~ 5 > re + Poe : ees - ay 
e : gee aGos oat co ke ; 
nee _ 7 & 2 
+ . . 
» “ 
7 ad is =e ; , ‘ t 5 
. {aia “> -- - ~ Sietialetacs a ? | 3 ~ + 2 , 
. ? ~ x 
3 + : 7 ~ 
= Y ' y 7 a 
as, Si: + 
- is - 
a . on i an 7 _ s 
-- cS = be = 
os ; tier 
“f 
- - ; 
j A 7 ae 
. ‘ a . a -* ea, 
Céihg 7 
ry a Le 
=. oe 
, 
? 
: a 
x “= . 
™ 4a 
. t = ee a 


: Zz 45 
| Conclusion - Field and Future of Low- PL ESS tre 


Turbine 


| BS. Steauw eugiu ue exrntvg Shits Aaving 
5S. New Shatine “ thief me sracu Cuguit Rud The 
Option. 

Of Kee frie caces Ke prick Are Secen % Ka 
the greatet fell Aud SMoncauch GY euginu- are 
OR rating lice Von. Cundensng Ar/e onl, Mu-kay 
Of te tolel anilatt werk aeatecd. Li Sire cece, 
Au wmereace of 100 prrecnH* cc He Praxis 
tpt Maneater arate he bbninal Bey » tee 
additional frrk Grr Go on-id ro ou- Katy Gis 


 * + 4 , mS 
pied — oe Sere me i 9's ae Pee, 


Co. eae a2, Pat ae » , 


S| 46 
0 Ottaind frac. The exhaust Heau AnThout burn 
Wg Arey mmx Coal, Consequentty ucereacing The 
Ltoueny -f The plat, Phe motitlatken of The Nagin 
Troeit Crrmpoug om New York wick Arte Uwe Me 
Atm Cae, ReetlewH ue Qu arvizage hirwal 
efpremey Gf 206 % , a eecarkadl, Agl pout 
ur Skrarn prueticc 

J. Tke Mind Caee , alfirrgh We Saving wo roto 
motanets of oth ceeign f flaunts 4  €Conenical x 
apforatno Thee facts au ving A ftbicakh Shen trek 
phlaunts At Crowe Aauitt ere ww AO mre prom fer 
ee 

hile Actfohia Mapek Trausit & Ae tuotatation o 
.... mae 7 a 
| Pe. i tied We 1st tens ica 
Rew the Low forrrut trian 3 going to be astabteot 
Ke conkaetrun Bf The fartit Ael Sonal floor 
9 00 7 Ae Pacts A adem tngen 
le flees ae stir, hind f prime mreres, Yer ik 
— nebinn Gud Shawne, 2 Comtiuetin of Aigk preo- 
a Shean eegine 2rd lw. presen turbine guro 


oF 
a tdecadu Cconeng Ack worthy, C2 Coneichatiiu, 
Ke rcecut cetallatioe of Théo ty fer of machinery WX 
Thea Sun fuer 

J. mew Station i 2 exhteuck, Louhtiiut him, 
the Coutinatin Go AGh jbreaure ecugines ae Gr- 
frecowre Anrtice wo beh, (Kaw SHa@c- Arbre 2. 
He wiki Kao tar 2th & ful om, ru cece 
The prouwrr (Laut 4 Chicayo Nor Weokr. MTaihuny 
Teruel, Ke Calechthreu Shows gov Coneriey cio 
qt 2 wake rmk Go Ue es pr THE Sn ree 
Statioms, however the Seufptioty afferdidd Gy one 
type of T™matkiut Ww Cornaiceredt Au adinutagt arc 
ouanskatene C1 Comachahimoe. 

But WShatewr Lar Leer vaid of The Cow-pres- 
Mure tertrre, A Sees Af frret Kar & & fmra- 
Adxicak, gelling cungy out —eThing Aeeol desbrorrirg 
Ke fred anwentat Law Merucog navecer, Practical, 
Yb Auenuuh Yo the Saute Thing, The ersrigy hick lao 
poor, watid ur. The exhauet Shae, to Aarnened 
ac We Cour -hisreure Artie Gull Au egual aunt 
that The Cow-prreurn fertine 2 (a mors effiecert 


} 
} 


—s = a. ONT 2% 
ay 
, 
> ae 
yt, * 
—s > phe » 
» we — s 
pa” mie 
San 
Tan ~ be 
¥ 
: et TVURR AY 
¢ ~ -— aS 
i” a" 
"s 
54 \e 7 ee . 
wm 
| A. * - 
Fit 
Pa’ oe s “~ ». 
J 


Te, pap: Sie en eid bn , pete so 


ee 
: . dere ial ep dats As Sn ee 


a tie ae oe try 


a  ) tm tee 


j dy ory, ‘Ye Fa a ak hes 


vee Fa she \ 


Pos A aa feet ) ye ‘ooen., mm 


Stage, = ee SP ate 


‘ 


7 


a 


a woe i ott eee i ' 


= 


eM > Se | 


ee r ee - 


.F 
2 


* 4 


EN ae beet) ae i. ta 


aa 48 


 CAte et ial a) i atime Ou Acconuy fifrrictine 
Of badd and Mi wcibeating Cugie whieh 3 kG 
| Cfficcent at Kigh rewire Chundd y.7/ Me Abynutage 
Lange SKrecfre corti sf Shean, Hu net onl, & 
grrk machin ly beetle, Lut When if Corbin witty, 
Aeciprrcateis Leuguct ih helps to get fewer out hers 
keepin to Meth, he high-pueure Shan mrtin 
went Kaw been a proehent fachie aun rhe Hedprordt: 
ing Leegrice wont kee Leer rte 4464 porime rier ro-hey 
tp the Low- prerere Cun of The Artine wee Cur acer 


os 9 Gere 


Sean est x aw ix nate 
Ree er get 


49 


hs b ow -preraire punrtrre fo ginrring 
j Wag aire Aprfo 


ae Heat Ex. gies G 
= aoe Gorvdlenorugh 
Be vat | 
| | = i feeb tetas 

acs ard Ceag uceer Reh et 
: _. Cg Now @' 1%1\o 
7: Prrchanicanr a ke 
&. | R 
| i | quet “1929 

cal Wri 
: we | ULAR parire ~ Marck "141 
a Ak Cenqecten, — Apt 4°19 


Exhauet 
Sten 
Re geuates 
@ Pour 
An, Chavles H Smoot ne Bi 


p) 


ray Ved (ad 
+ 


th 


Dah, oe Uk / y 3 . 
RANK qi \ Ds , a SS VSN GQ Vv < 
Nhe ) a “4 Rica 
> . | fae 
eae y . } WS” CE. * 
MN arty 2 Soy > eh eh eee ah BO: 
. ‘ \ < i Beey RS US 


3 0112 086827125